Nutrient cycling in waste streams, including municipal wastewater and food waste, is critical to the prevention of eutrophication in receiving water bodies and to the recovery of nutrients for downstream applications. We have utilized next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics pipelines to interrogate microbial communities involved in biological nutrient removal and recovery, namely the cycling of nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus. In my dissertation, I used metagenomics to expand the model for acidogenesis and acetogenesis from food waste.